For Silcon (poly and mono), its close to unmeasurable the degrading effects. One will get 10X the losses from enviormental issues like dirt and roof mounted arrays usally rarely get attention to keep clean compared to the slow degraing output over a say 50 years
Manufactures are betting is less than 0.5% a year, they all have 25 year warrantys for 80% of rated performance.
For strings, its easest to just use an online configuration tools
This is a good one
http://www.xantrex.com/support/gtsizing/index.asp